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המלצות ופרסומים
About TNUDA
About the TNUDA Information Center
Background to the Establishment of the Center
Structure of the Center and its Team
Staff
Services Provided by TNUDA
The Tnuda Center in the International Context
Physics of radiation
Introduction
What Is Radiation?
Types of Electromagnetic Radiation
The Electromanetic Radiation Spectrum
Radiation, Matter and the Human Body
Low Frequency Range
IF- Intermediate Frequency
Radio Frequency (RF) Radiation
Developments in the Utilization of Radiofrequency Radiation (RF)
Types of Radiofrequency (RF) Radiation
Transmission and Receiving Antennas
Communications Technologies
Cellular Communication Network Technologies
Deployment of Antennas – Spatial Coverage
Cellular Base Stations – Cellular Sites
Measurerment of Radiofrequency Radiation – Dosimetry
Cellular Fifth Generation (5G)
Internet of Things (IoT)
Infrared, Visible Light and Soft Ultraviolet Radiation – Introduction
Artificial Light Sources
Health effects
Methodologies of Research on Non-Ionizing Radiation
Research in vitro
Research In Vivo
Population Studies
Definition of Causation
Research methods for assessment of exposure to magnetic fields at the electric grid frequency in epidemiological studies
Background
Is Non-Ionizing Radiation Harmful To Health?
Biological Mechanisms Of The Effects Of Non-Ionizing Radiation
Effect of Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) Electromagnetic Fields on Human Health
Electromagnetic Radiation from the Electricity Grid and Leukemia in Children
Exposure to Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields and Spontaneous Miscarriages
Health Effects of Radiofrequency (RF) Radiation
RF Radiation: A Possible Carcinogen
Health Effects of RF Radiation on Children and Adolescents
RF Radiation and Brain Tumors in Children and Adolescents
Effect of RF Radiation Emitted from Mobile Phones on Sperm Cells
RF Radiation and the Auditory System
Occupational exposure to electromagnetic fields and brain tumor development
Health Effects of Exposure to Ultraviolet (UV) Radiation
Electromagnetic Hypersensitivity
Other health effects
Use of digital media and sleep disturbances in children and adolescents – review
Addiction to Mobile Phones
Policy and Legislation
Introduction
The Precautionary Principle
International Guidelines on Non-Ionizing Radiation
International Commission for Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection
Policy-Making & Implementation in Israel
Organizations Involved
Toolbox
The Non-Ionizing Radiation Law in Israel
Mobile Phones
Standards for Mobile Phones
Regulations for Compulsory Marking and Information in Israel
Use of Mobile Phones by Children and Adolescents
Mobile Phone Use While Driving – an International View
Use of Mobile Phones While Driving – Legislation in Israel
Cellular Antennas
Wireless Communication Network – WI-FI
Legislation and policy on the use of Wi-Fi in Israeli schools
Worldwide Recommendations and Guidelines on Wi-Fi use in Schools
Smart Meters
Electric Grids – Introduction
Policy in Israel
Exposure to Radiation from the Electric Grid in Schools
Hybrid Cars
Visible Light and Ultraviolet Light – Introduction
UVI – Index of Ultraviolet Radiation Risk
Recommendations for Reducing Exposure to the Sun
Sun Beds
"E-Learning" programs in Schools – A worldwide review
The 5th generation (5G)
For children and adolescents
"The Mobile Generation" – Educated Use of Mobile Phones
Telephones, Radiation and Everything in Between
Populations at risk
What are Populations at Risk?
Children & Adolescents – Introduction
Use of Mobile Phones among Children and Adolescents in Israel and in other countries – Introduction
Extent of Use of Mobile Phones Among Children and Adolescents in Israel
Extent of cellphone usage by children and teens worldwide
Reviewing and Mapping the Sources of Non-Ionizing Radiation Exposure in the Student Environment
Pregnant Women
Patients Suffering from Chronic Diseases
Tips & Publications
Full recommendations for Educated Use of Cellphones
Tips for minimizing exposure to electromagnetic radiation in the home environment
Reports in the Media
Scientists in the Field of Non-Ionizing Radiation
Links to Web Sites on Non-Ionizing Radiation
Our Videos
Newsletters
FAQ
Cellular Antennas
Children
Fifth Cellular Generation (5G)
Health effects
Magnetic & electric fields of low frequencies (ELF)
Mobile phones
Radiation Measurements
Radiation-Emitting Household Appliances
Glossary of terms
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IR
Infra Red Radiation | Frequencies: (*) 300GHz – 430THz
Language
English
Sources and Uses
Sun light (52.7% of the radiation power from the sun reaching earth is IR)
Astronomic objects emitting IR radiation only or in addition to other radiation
Every object on earth emits IR radiation
The human and animal body emit IR radiation
Thermal heating – electric heaters, bonfires, fires
IR lasers for fiber-optic and wireless communication
Far IR communication: 1.53 -1.56 microns,
Near IR radiation–fiber telecommunication 0.7-1.4 microns
Computer and multimedia accessories
Thermal imaging (an alternative to X-ray imaging) – TeraHz frequencies
Measuring and diagnostics in engineering
IR-operated weapons
Night-vision instruments
Meteorology, astronomy, spectroscopy
(*) According to the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) classification
The sun is a source of IR radiation
IR-guided anti-aircraft missile
Heating element
Hand-held IR laser
Wireless mouse
Galaxy emitting red and IR light
IR radiation from human body
Bonfire heating through IR radiation
Heat energy – earth's core